Effort IAS
National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) is organizing a one-day National Level Review-cum-Consultation on grievance redressed mechanisms developed in States and Union Territories under Section 32 of the RTE Act, 2009
Section 32 of RTE Act, 2009 provides for Redressal of Grievances relating to Right of a Child by the Local Authority within a period of three months, and appeal against the decision of the local authority before the Delhi Commission for Protection of Child Rights (DCPCR). Grievances may relate violation of any of the provisions under the RTE Act and may be against any public officer, public servant, private institution, private person, or any other agency responsible directly or indirectly for the effective implementation of provisions of the RTE Act. National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) is organizing a one-day National Level Review-cum-Consultation on grievance redressal mechanisms developed in States and Union Territories under Section 32 of the RTE Act, 2009. This is first of its kind Review-cum-Consultation being organized by the Commission at the National Level. The aim for organizing this national Level Review-cum-Consultation on grievance redressed mechanisms- Key highlights Key challenges related to grievance redressed mechanisms under Section 32 of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009: National Commission for Protection of Child Rights The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) was established by the Government of India under the Commission for Protection of Child Rights (CPCR) Act, 2005, with the mandate to safeguard and advance child rights. The Commission is further mandated to monitor the proper and effective implementation of Conclusion, National Level Review-cum-Consultation organized by the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights provided valuable insights into the effectiveness of grievance redressal mechanisms under Section 32 of the RTE Act, 2009. The event highlighted both the progress made and the challenges faced in implementing these mechanisms developed by States and Union Territories, emphasizing the need for continuous improvement and collaboration to ensure that the rights and grievances of children in the education system are effectively addressed.
“VIRAASAT: Celebrating India’s Handloom Heritage”
GS-PAPER- III/ INDIAN ECONOMY Context- Key highlights INDIA AND HANDLOOMS Need for such a move Conclusion– On-going support for exhibitions like “VIRAASAT” can enhance the market for handloom products and boost earnings for the handloom community. Expanding and effectively implementing government schemes to support handloom artisans can foster growth and sustainability within the sector. Raising awareness about the value of handloom products and encouraging their purchase can help preserve the handloom tradition. Combining modern technology with traditional handloom practices can enhance efficiency and innovation, ensuring the sector’s long-term viability. Source- PIB
Kerala’s Wayanad Landslides
GS3/Disaster Management What is Landslide? A landslide is the downward movement of rock, soil, and debris on a slope due to gravity. It occurs when the stability of the slope is compromised, leading to a mass of earth material sliding or collapsing. Primary Causes behind wayanad landslide- Heavy rainfall Hilly terrain with sharp slopes Loss of green cover Climate Change Gadgil committee recommendation Ministry of Environment and Forests of India appointed Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP) chaired by Madhav Gadgil,( known as the Gadgil Commission )2010, commission submitted its report to the Government of India on 31 August 2011. Gadgil report recommendations are as follows:- Kasturirangan committee Kasturirangan committee was set up to examine the WGEEP report (recommended by-Gadgil report) in August 2012. Kasturirangan committee report Recommendations:- Western Ghats Measures and action taken by Indian govt. Conclusion- Source- Indian express, The Hindu
Government developed a scheme for Cyber Crime Prevention against Women and Children
GS- PAPER- II/III, Government Policies / Cyber Security Context- Some technology-driven Projects/Schemes included under Nirbhaya Fund. Which include:- Components of the Scheme 2. Forensic unit– 3. Capacity building unit 4. Research and development unit– 5. Awareness Creation Unit– Conclusion: The government’s implementation of the Cyber Crime Prevention against Women and Children (CCPWC) scheme under the Nirbhaya Fund reflects a strong commitment to enhancing safety and addressing cyber threats. Similarly, Safe City Projects, developed collaboratively by Police and Municipal Corporations, are tailored to meet the specific safety needs of women and address gaps in existing infrastructure. Together, these initiatives represent a comprehensive approach for improving security and protecting vulnerable populations.
Behind Leh flight cancellations: High Temperature and Low Air Density
GS-PAPER- III/ Environment and Ecology Context How Do Aircraft Fly? 1. Design of Aircraft Wings: 2. Bernoulli’s Principle: High Temperatures and Impact on Aircraft’s Flight: 1.Thinning of Air and Loss of Required Lift: 2. Impact on Engine Performance: Landing Becomes More Challenging: Situation at Leh: Role of Global Warming: 1.Global Temperature Rise: 2. Impact on Air Travel: 3.Adaptation Measures: Conclusion: High temperatures and low air density significantly impact aircraft performance. As temperature rise, air becomes less dense, reducing the amount of oxygen available for combustion and thereby decreasing thrust. This necessitates longer runways and more powerful engines for take-off. In extreme heat, the reduced air density can make it difficult or even impossible for aircraft to achieve the required lift, leading to operational challenges and potential delays. Consequently, managing these conditions is crucial for ensuring safe and efficient flight operations. Source – Indian Express
Unrest in Venezuela: Public Protest against Maduro’s Re-Elected
GS- PAPER- II/ International Relations Context Geographical Position- Venezuela reserves : Political Scenario of Venezuela Venezuela’s current economy and social situation As of 2024, Venezuela’s economy and social situation are marked by considerable challenges: Economy: 1. Economic Crisis: Venezuela is experiencing a deep economic crisis marked by hyperinflation, a plummeting bolivar, and a shrinking GDP. This crisis has resulted in widespread poverty and a notable drop in living standards. 2. Oil Dependence: The nation’s economy depends significantly on oil exports, which have been negatively impacted by declining global oil prices and a failing oil sector. The reduction in oil production and revenue has worsened economic instability. 3. Sanctions: International sanctions, particularly from the United States and the European Union, have further strained the economy by restricting access to global financial systems and markets. 4. Currency and Inflation: Hyperinflation has greatly diminished the value of the bolivar, causing a severe cost of living crisis. Although the government has periodically introduced measures to stabilize the currency, these solutions have frequently been temporary. Social Situation:\ 1. Humanitarian Crisis: Venezuela is facing a humanitarian crisis with critical shortages of food, medicine, and clean water, leading to widespread malnutrition and health problems. 2. Migration: Millions of Venezuelans have fled the country, causing a migration crisis in the region. Neighboring countries like Colombia and Brazil are experiencing a surge in Venezuelan refugees. 3. Social Services: Public services, including healthcare and education, have been severely affected by the economic crisis, leading to deteriorating infrastructure and services. 4. Crime and Security: High levels of crime and violence, including homicides and kidnappings, have further contributed to the country’s challenges, impacting daily life and security. 5. Political Instability: The country is deeply divided politically, with ongoing tensions between the government led by Nicolás Maduro and opposition groups. This has led to frequent protests, civil unrest, and a strained political environment and here is current scenario of protest after election in Venezuela: Impact on India World Reaction Conclusion Overall, the combination of contested election practices, ongoing economic difficulties, and political repression has led to widespread protests and global criticism of Maduro’s re-election. World is divided in two group on this issue. So, this issue is not impacting on only Venezuela and also on world.
SPREADING AWARENESS ABOUT INDIAN CULTURE AND HERITAGE AMONG YOUTHS
GS- PAPER- 1 Initiative taken by Indian Govt. to preserve our culture and heritage:- Note– Also to spread awareness about our culture and heritage among youth of the country, Ministry of Culture organizes Rashtriya Sanskriti Mahotsavs (RSMs) through these ZCCs where a large number of artists from all over India are engaged to showcase their talents during these Mahotsavs. The Ministry administers schemes for the youth viz. Scholarships to Young Artistes in Different Cultural Fields and Award of Fellowship to Outstanding Persons in the field of Culture, the details of which are as under: 1.Scheme for Scholarships to Young Artistes in Different Cultural Fields: Under this scheme, Financial assistance is given to young artistes in the age group of 18-25 years for advanced training within India in the field of Indian Classical Music, Indian Classical Dance, Theatre, Mime, Visual Art, Folk, Traditional and Indigenous Arts and Light Classical Music etc. @ Rs. 5,000/- p.m. for 2 years. The Scholarship is released in four equal six monthly instalments. 2. Scheme forward of Fellowship to Outstanding Persons in the field of Culture: Up to 400 fellowships (200 Junior and 200 Senior) are awarded in a batch year to outstanding persons in the age group of 25 to 40 years (Jr.) Indian Culture and Heritage: – Constitutional and Legislative Provisions Related to Indian Heritage- The following divisions of authority over monuments, pieces of cultural heritage, and archaeological sites are set down in the Indian Constitution: Significance of Preserving Cultural Heritage Gaps in Cultural Heritage Structures in India:- What More Can be Done to Preserve India’s Cultural Heritage? Conclusion–
UNESCO adds Saint Hilarion Monastery to the list of World Heritage in Danger
GS- Paper- 1 Art& Culture Context- About Saint Hilarion Monastery Gaza’s “Tell Umm Amer” as a World Heritage site is significant for several reasons: The List of World Heritage in Danger Criteria for Listing– Entries on the list include World Heritage Sites facing either confirmed imminent threats or potential risks that could negatively impact their preservation, here is some criteria for listing:- The World Heritage Committee used the emergency inscription procedure provided for in the World Heritage Convention. Benefits of Inscription Impact and Criticism Conclusion:- Overall, this development is newsworthy because it underscores the importance of preserving global heritage amidst on-going conflicts and provides a platform for highlighting the cultural and historical significance of the region. Source- Indian Express, The Hindu, UNESCO Heritage Site
Right to be forgotten
GS- PAPER- II/ Governance Context- What is the right to be forgotten? How is the ‘Right to be Forgotten’ Interpreted in India? Position in India The Personal Data Protected Bill (PDP, 2019) The Court things- In the Centric 2017 KS Puttaswamy case vs. union of India, the Supreme Court acknowledged that the right to privacy includes an individual’s control over their online presence. What are judicial precedents in India? R.Rajagopal vs. State ruled on the issue, 1994 – Dharamraj Bhanushankar Dave vs. State of Gujarat (2017) – The Gujarat High Court refused to remove the details of an acquittal from public records. {Name Redacted} vs. The Registrar General, the Karnataka HC 2017– The Karnataka High Court protected the petitioner’s identity in a sensitive annulment case. In 2021, the Delhi High Court permitted the removal of search results related to Jorawar Singh Mundy, an American law student who was acquitted in a drug case. This decision was made to safeguard Mundy’s social life and career. In 2020, the Orissa High Court called for a broader discussion on the right to be forgotten, emphasizing the practical and technological difficulties involved. Significance: – The right to be forgotten holds significant importance for several reasons: Challenges – The right to be forgotten faces several challenges, including: Conclusion- Overall, the right to be forgotten is still in the process of development in India, and there is no specific case that has been solely responsible for its development. Moreover, with the recognition of the right to privacy as a fundamental right and the introduction of the Personal Data Protection Bill, the right to be forgotten is gaining increasing attention from both the courts and the legislature in India. This is also a very important Right in present modern era. Everyone has not good time always sometimes some mistakes happen, and a stain emerged on their character however after sometime when the accused acquitted then no one accept him as earlier. So, there should be ‘Right to be forgotten’ so that in future no one could question upon his dignity. Source- Indian Express
Union Budget 2024-25: India’s Next Generation Reforms and Strategic Policies
Context– The Union Budget 2024-25, presented by Union Finance Minister, sets a visionary path for India’s economic development. The budget focuses on the theme of “Next Generation Reforms,” aiming to boost economic growth, improve productivity, and enhance the efficiency of markets and sectors. Economic Policy Framework and Key Reforms Implementing Next Generation Rural Land Related Actions: These actions will facilitate credit flow and other agricultural service. It will include: Urban Land Related Actions: Land records in urban areas will be digitized with GIS mapping. Taxonomy for Climate Finance: Foreign Direct Investment and Overseas Investment : NPS Vatsalya: It is plan for contribution by parents and guardians for minors. National Pension Scheme (NPS): A solution will be evolved which addresses the relevant issues while maintaining fiscal prudence to protect the common citizens. Financial Sector Vision and Strategy: The government plans to release a strategy document outlining the future vision for the financial sector, addressing its size, capacity, and skills. Use of Technology: The Union Government will step up adoption of technology towards digitalization of the economy. Ease of Doing Business: Data and Statistics: Variable Capital Company Structure: Budget Estimates 2024- 25 1.Total Receipts: ₹32.07 lakh crore (excluding borrowings) 2. Total Expenditure: ₹48.21 lakh crore 3. Net Tax Receipt: ₹25.83 lakh crore 4. Fiscal Deficit: 4.9% of GDP Conclusion: The Union Budget 2024-25 outlines a comprehensive plan for economic growth and development, emphasizing next-generation reforms. By focusing on improving productivity, enhancing market efficiency, and leveraging technology, the government aims to create a robust and inclusive economic framework. The proposed reforms across land, labour, finance, and technology sectors are designed to foster sustainable growth and ensure a prosperous future for all citizens.
India, US signed Cultural Property pact on return of smuggled Antiquities
GS- Paper-1/ Art & Culture Context- It’s great to hear about the new ‘Cultural Property Agreement’ between India and the USA. This agreement represents a significant step towards protecting and preserving India’s rich cultural heritage by combating the illicit trafficking of antiquities. Purpose of the Agreement- About the Cultural Property Agreement- Significance- G20 Presidency- under India’s G20 Presidency, the ‘Protection and Promotion of Cultural Property’ emerged as the main topical priorities reflecting the core concerns of the Culture Sector globally. About Antiquity and its Provenance – The Antiquities and Art Treasures Act of 1972 defines an “antiquity” as: Conclusion- Sources: – Indian Express, PIB, The Bureaucrats, U.S Embassy & Consulates in India.
Ending “Angel Tax” will boost Start-ups and the Start-up ecosystem ,Budget 2024–25.
Why in news? – Finance Minister proposed to abolish the angel tax for all investor classes while presenting the Union Budget 2024-25. The Origin of Angel Tax: – The idea of angel tax was first introduced in the 2012, Union Budget by then Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee. What is Angel Tax? – Initially every new stablished company needs funds to perform its activity and seeks investment but having no tangible asset as collateral but equity, at this phase an angel investor can invest money in it. Investment greater than FMV (Fair Market Value) is categorised as “income from other sources”, and the tax imposed on it is called angel tax. Angel tax, formally as section 56(2) (vii b) of the income tax Act, is the tax imposed on funds raised by start-ups from angel investors. However, this implies only to fund that exceed the fair market value of the company. The Fair Market Value of a private company’s stock is the predicted value of one share of your company if your stock was available on the open market Why was angel tax introduced? – Angel Tax Exemption Startups made numerous pleas for this tax exemption, Government provide some relaxations in the 2019 Union budget, and stated that if the startup is registered under the DPIIT or Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, it would not be subject to such tax. There are some other criteria that your startup needs to fulfil to file angel tax exemption. Note- The Angel tax is being levied on startups at 30.9% on net investments in excess of the startup company’ Fair Market Value. Key issues with Angel Tax:- How does Angel Tax affect startup? – New major Government’s Initiatives Related to Start-up- Conclusion- The removal of the Angel Tax for Investors is a significant step that will strengthen the start-up ecosystem, encouraging more investment and fostering innovation. This change will significantly improve start-up funding sentiment while boosting the morale of deep tech and AI start-ups to take bigger bets. By focusing on skilling and employment the budget creates a favourable environment for tech companies to thrive.
