Special Employment Guarantee Scheme
Context– The Ministry of Rural Development has implemented a range of strategies aimed at enhancing the economic well-being of rural populations. About Special Employment Guarantee Scheme (SEGS) Need of this Special Employment Guarantee Scheme Special Employment Guarantee Schemes (SEGS) are created to tackle specific employment issues experienced by different groups in society. These issues may include high unemployment rates, underemployment, or obstacles faced by marginalized communities in accessing job opportunities. Government Schemes/ Programme Indian Govt. and Itโs all ministries implementing a number of targeted programmes/ schemes aiming to enhance the standard of living in rural areas by creating employment and livelihood opportunities. MNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.) Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kausal Yojna (DDU-GKY) and Rural Self Employment Training Institutes (RSETI), which focus on improving employability through wage or self-employment, particularly for SCs/STs/OBCs/Minority communities. These initiatives contribute to the economic and social development of rural youth. The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment’s Pradhan Mantri Dakshta Aur Kushalta Sampan Hitgrahi (PM-DAKSH) Yojana, aims to enhance skills among marginalized youth, including SCs, OBCs, De-notified Tribes, and Economically Backward Classes. The program offers both long-term and short-term training to boost skill levels and facilitate wage or self-employment, promoting empowerment and economic development. The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship’s PMKVY offers skill training to youth, including SC/ST and economically weaker sections, through Short Term Training (STT) and Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL). The Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises’ PMEGP provides credit-linked subsidies to foster self-employment by supporting micro-enterprises and aiding traditional artisans and unemployed youth. Conclusion–
A Rising Power in Cost-Effective Healthcare and Global Pharma Leadership
16th edition of Global MedTech Summit 2024 organized by Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) on August 6th, 2024, in Delhi. Focus points ofย Global MedTech Summit-2024 The Global MedTech Summit 2024 is a prominent international conference focused on the medical technology (MedTech) industry. The summit aims to explore and discuss the latest trends, innovations, and advancements in medical technology, including emerging technologies, digital health, and new medical devices. It provides a platform for professionals from the MedTech industry, including manufacturers, researchers, healthcare providers, and policymakers, to network and collaborate. Discussions often cover global regulatory standards, compliance issues, and how different regions adapt to new MedTech developments. The summit may also highlight investment opportunities in the MedTech sector, showcasing new startups and innovations seeking funding. Indiaโs healthcare achievements Transformation in healthcare brought about the recent times- Indiaโs emergence as a world-class, cost-effective healthcare destination and a global pharmaceutical leader can be understood through several key factors and trends: Cost-Effective Healthcare provider India is among the top 6 Bio-manufacturers of the world and one of the most cost-effective and efficacy-based Bio-manufacturing as well as cost-effective healthcare destinations. BIRAC-Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council as one platform for industry linkage and research. India provides high-quality medical services at a significantly lower cost compared to Western countries. This is due to lower operational costs, including salaries for medical professionals, which makes treatments and surgeries more affordable. The combination of quality and affordability has made India a hub for medical tourism. Patients from around the world visit India for various medical treatments, including complex surgeries, cosmetic procedures, and specialized care. Leader as Global Pharmaceutical India is one of the worldโs largest producers of generic drugs, which are more affordable alternatives to branded medications. Indian pharmaceutical companies have established a strong presence in international markets by providing cost-effective, high-quality generic drug. India exports a significant portion of its pharmaceutical products to countries across the globe. The countryโs pharmaceutical exports include both generic drugs and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Indian pharmaceutical companies comply with stringent international regulations and standards, including those of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). This ensures the quality and safety of the drugs produced and sold internationally. Many Indian pharmaceutical companies engage in global collaborations and partnerships for research, which enhances their ability to innovate and develop cutting-edge treatments. Indian pharmaceutical products are subject to rigorous quality control measures and are often manufactured in facilities that meet international Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) standards. Government initiatives for Healthcare sector- The Indian government supports the healthcare and pharmaceutical sectors through various policies and initiatives, including investments in healthcare infrastructure, incentives for research and development, and support for medical tourism. Healthcare Vision :- Govt. aims for a healthy India by eliminating communicable diseases, preventing non-communicable diseases, improving health indices and commitment to accessible. This reaffirms the Govt firmly believes that accessible healthcare is a right of every citizen. Preventive healthcare is a national priority to achieve the vision India @ 2047. Preventive Healthcare:- Govt. Emphasis on addressing metabolic disorders and age-related morbidities like Type 2 Diabetes and heart disease, which pose significant challenges to the nationโs health and productivity. Space and Bio-technology Success โ Success in the space and biotechnology sectors exemplifies integrated partnership. India opened the space sector led to over Rs 1,000 crore in private investment and a rise in start-ups from 1 in 2022 to over 200, some with global potential. Department of Biotechnology for its role in advancing translational health sciences, with bio-manufacturing and bio-foundry growing from $10 billion in 2014 to $130 billion in 2024. Medical Devices The medical devices sector is seen as a key growth area, with efforts underway to make India a manufacturing hub. This includes creating benchmarks and action plans. Technology Integration Technology plays a crucial role in ensuring equitable access to healthcare. Technology is revolutionizing the healthcare sector. Conclusion- India’s emergence as a world-class, cost-effective healthcare destination and a global pharmaceutical leader is marked by its significant advancements and strategic growth. The countryโs ability to deliver high-quality medical services at lower costs has attracted international attention, while its pharmaceutical sector has become a major player on the global stage, known for its innovation and large-scale production capabilities. This dual success not only enhances Indiaโs reputation as a hub for affordable and advanced healthcare solutions but also solidifies its position as a pivotal contributor to global health and pharmaceutical markets.
“Empower HER: Fostering Womenโs Business Ventures”
GS-PAPER-II/ Governance Context– Women Entrepreneurship Program (WEP) inspire women to start businesses. This leads to more job creation for women which ultimately helps in reducing the gender gap in the workforce, generating employment opportunities in the country, bringing in demographic shifts and inspiring the next generation of women founders. The increasing presence of women as entrepreneurs has led to significant business and economic growth in the country. With a vision to promote the sustainable development of women entrepreneurs for balanced growth in the country, Startup India is committed towards strengthening women entrepreneurship in India through initiatives, schemes, creation of enabling networks and communities and activating partnerships among diverse stakeholders in the startup ecosystem. In accordance with National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) introduced the Women Entrepreneurship Programme (WEP), that is a public-private partnership platform incubated at Niti Aayog and aims to create an empowering, enabling ecosystem for women entrepreneurs, and spurring economic growth in India. About (WEP) Some other Government Initiatives for Women Entrepreneur Challenges Facing Women Entrepreneurs in India needs to Overcome:- National Skill Development Corporation Conclusion ย Women Entrepreneurship Programme is a crucial initiative for empowering women across India by providing essential skills, resources, and support. It addresses barriers such as limited access to credit and market opportunities through targeted training, financial assistance, and incubation support. Collaborations with various ministries and institutions enhance its effectiveness, promoting both self-employment and broader economic development while advancing gender equality. Source โ PIB
Keralaโs Wayanad Landslides
GS3/Disaster Management What is Landslide? A landslide is the downward movement of rock, soil, and debris on a slope due to gravity. It occurs when the stability of the slope is compromised, leading to a mass of earth material sliding or collapsing. Primary Causes behind wayanad landslide- Heavy rainfall Hilly terrain with sharp slopes Loss of green cover Climate Change Gadgil committee recommendation Ministry of Environment and Forests of India appointed Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP) chaired by Madhav Gadgil,( known as the Gadgil Commission )2010, commission submitted its report to the Government of India on 31 August 2011. Gadgil report recommendations are as follows:- Kasturirangan committee Kasturirangan committee was set up to examine the WGEEP report (recommended by-Gadgil report) in August 2012. Kasturirangan committee report Recommendations:- Western Ghats Measures and action taken by Indian govt.ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย Conclusion- Source- Indian express, The Hindu
Government developed a scheme for Cyber Crime Prevention against Women and Children
GS- PAPER- II/III, Government Policies / Cyber Security Context- Some technology-driven Projects/Schemes included under Nirbhaya Fund. Which ย include:- Components of the Scheme 2. Forensic unit– 3. Capacity building unit 4. Research and development unit– 5. Awareness Creation Unit– Conclusion: The governmentโs implementation of the Cyber Crime Prevention against Women and Children (CCPWC) scheme under the Nirbhaya Fund reflects a strong commitment to enhancing safety and addressing cyber threats. Similarly, Safe City Projects, developed collaboratively by Police and Municipal Corporations, are tailored to meet the specific safety needs of women and address gaps in existing infrastructure. Together, these initiatives represent a comprehensive approach for improving security and protecting vulnerable populations.
Behind Leh flight cancellations: High Temperature and Low Air Density
GS-PAPER- III/ Environment and Ecology Context How Do Aircraft Fly?ย 1. Design of Aircraft Wings:ย 2. Bernoulliโs Principle:ย High Temperatures and Impact on Aircraftโs Flight:ย 1.Thinning of Air and Loss of Required Lift:ย 2. Impact on Engine Performance:ย Landing Becomes More Challenging:ย Situation at Leh:ย Role of Global Warming:ย 1.Global Temperature Rise:ย 2. Impact on Air Travel:ย 3.Adaptation Measures:ย Conclusion: High temperatures and low air density significantly impact aircraft performance. As temperature rise, air becomes less dense, reducing the amount of oxygen available for combustion and thereby decreasing thrust. This necessitates longer runways and more powerful engines for take-off. In extreme heat, the reduced air density can make it difficult or even impossible for aircraft to achieve the required lift, leading to operational challenges and potential delays. Consequently, managing these conditions is crucial for ensuring safe and efficient flight operations. Source โ Indian Express
Unrest in Venezuela: Public Protest against Maduro’s Re-Elected
GS- PAPER- II/ International Relations Context Geographical Position- Venezuela reserves : Political Scenario of Venezuela Venezuelaโs current economy and social situation As of 2024, Venezuela’s economy and social situation are marked by considerable challenges: Economy: 1. Economic Crisis: Venezuela is experiencing a deep economic crisis marked by hyperinflation, a plummeting bolivar, and a shrinking GDP. This crisis has resulted in widespread poverty and a notable drop in living standards. 2. Oil Dependence: The nation’s economy depends significantly on oil exports, which have been negatively impacted by declining global oil prices and a failing oil sector. The reduction in oil production and revenue has worsened economic instability. 3. Sanctions: International sanctions, particularly from the United States and the European Union, have further strained the economy by restricting access to global financial systems and markets. 4. Currency and Inflation: Hyperinflation has greatly diminished the value of the bolivar, causing a severe cost of living crisis. Although the government has periodically introduced measures to stabilize the currency, these solutions have frequently been temporary. Social Situation:\ 1. Humanitarian Crisis: Venezuela is facing a humanitarian crisis with critical shortages of food, medicine, and clean water, leading to widespread malnutrition and health problems. 2. Migration: Millions of Venezuelans have fled the country, causing a migration crisis in the region. Neighboring countries like Colombia and Brazil are experiencing a surge in Venezuelan refugees. 3. Social Services: Public services, including healthcare and education, have been severely affected by the economic crisis, leading to deteriorating infrastructure and services. 4. Crime and Security: High levels of crime and violence, including homicides and kidnappings, have further contributed to the countryโs challenges, impacting daily life and security. 5. Political Instability: The country is deeply divided politically, with ongoing tensions between the government led by Nicolรกs Maduro and opposition groups. This has led to frequent protests, civil unrest, and a strained political environment and here is current scenario of protest after election in Venezuela: Impact on India World Reaction Conclusion Overall, the combination of contested election practices, ongoing economic difficulties, and political repression has led to widespread protests and global criticism of Maduroโs re-election. World is divided in two group on this issue. So, this issue is not impacting on only Venezuela and also on world.
SPREADING AWARENESS ABOUT INDIAN CULTURE AND HERITAGE AMONG YOUTHS
GS- PAPER- 1 ย Initiative taken by Indian Govt. to preserve our culture and heritage:- Note– Also to spread awareness about our culture and heritage among youth of the country, Ministry of Culture organizes Rashtriya Sanskriti Mahotsavs (RSMs) through these ZCCs where a large number of artists from all over India are engaged to showcase their talents during these Mahotsavs. The Ministry administers schemes for the youth viz. Scholarships to Young Artistes in Different Cultural Fields and Award of Fellowship to Outstanding Persons in the field of Culture, the details of which are as under: 1.Scheme for Scholarships to Young Artistes in Different Cultural Fields:ย Under this scheme, Financial assistance is given to young artistes in the age group of 18-25 years for advanced training within India in the field of Indian Classical Music, Indian Classical Dance, Theatre, Mime, Visual Art, Folk, Traditional and Indigenous Arts and Light Classical Music etc. @ Rs. 5,000/- p.m. for 2 years. The Scholarship is released in four equal six monthly instalments. 2. Scheme forward of Fellowship to Outstanding Persons in the field of Culture:ย Up to 400 fellowships (200 Junior and 200 Senior) are awarded in a batch year to outstanding persons in the age group of 25 to 40 years (Jr.) Indian Culture and Heritage: – Constitutional and Legislative Provisions Related to Indian Heritage- ย The following divisions of authority over monuments, pieces of cultural heritage, and archaeological sites are set down in the Indian Constitution: Significance of Preserving Cultural Heritage Gaps in Cultural Heritage Structures in India:- What More Can be Done to Preserve Indiaโs Cultural Heritage? Conclusion–
Right to be forgotten
GS- PAPER- II/ Governance Context- What is the right to be forgotten? How is the ‘Right to be Forgotten’ Interpreted in India? Position in India The Personal Data Protected Bill (PDP, 2019) The Court things- In the Centric 2017 KS Puttaswamy case vs. union of India, the Supreme Court acknowledged that the right to privacy includes an individual’s control over their online presence. What are judicial precedents in India? R.Rajagopal vs. State ruled on the issue, 1994 โ Dharamraj Bhanushankar Dave vs. State of Gujarat (2017) – The Gujarat High Court refused to remove the details of an acquittal from public records. {Name Redacted} vs. The Registrar General, the Karnataka HC 2017– The Karnataka High Court protected the petitionerโs identity in a sensitive annulment case. In 2021, the Delhi High Court permitted the removal of search results related to Jorawar Singh Mundy, an American law student who was acquitted in a drug case. This decision was made to safeguard Mundyโs social life and career. In 2020, the Orissa High Court called for a broader discussion on the right to be forgotten, emphasizing the practical and technological difficulties involved. Significance: – The right to be forgotten holds significant importance for several reasons: Challenges โ The right to be forgotten faces several challenges, including: Conclusion- Overall, the right to be forgotten is still in the process of development in India, and there is no specific case that has been solely responsible for its development. Moreover, with the recognition of the right to privacy as a fundamental right and the introduction of the Personal Data Protection Bill, the right to be forgotten is gaining increasing attention from both the courts and the legislature in India. This is also a very important Right in present modern era. Everyone has not good time always sometimes some mistakes happen, and a stain emerged on their character however after sometime when the accused acquitted then no one accept him as earlier. So, there should be ‘Right to be forgotten’ so that in future no one could question upon his dignity. Source- Indian Express
Indian Prime Minister met Nobel Laureate, shared his thoughts on future possibilities of Quantum technologies
11 July 2024 The Indian Prime Minister met Nobel Laureate for Physics in 2022, Shri Anton Zeilinger, a renowned Austrian physicist is known for his work on quantum mechanics. He received the Nobel Prize 2022 in Physics, jointly with Alain Aspect and John Clauser for their work involving experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities, and pioneering quantum information science. Their work has proved the extremely strange quantum nature of reality. Their experiments have collectively established the existence quantum entanglement, also known as bizarre quantum phenomenon. What is quantum entanglement? Two widely separated particles appear to share information despite having no conceivable way of communicating called entanglement (several particles behave like a single unit even when they are separated). Zeilinger’s work involved entangled light particles, known as photons. Entanglement is a unique property of quantum mechanics that allows two or more particles to exist in a connected state, where the behaviour of one particle directly influences the other, regardless of the distance between them. These experiments, along with others, have confirmed the accuracy of quantum mechanics and have laid the foundation for the development of quantum computers, quantum networks, and quantum encrypted communication. During his visit to Australia Prime Minister meet and shared his thoughts on Indiaโs National Quantum Mission with the physicist. He and Mr. Zeilinger exchanged views on the role of Quantum Computing and Quantum Tech on contemporary society and the promise it holds for the future possibilities of Quantum Information and Quantum technologies. National Quantum Mission (NQM) The National Quantum Mission (NQM), conceptualized by the Prime Minister Science Technology Advisory Council (PM-STIAC) received Cabinet approval on April 19, 2023 with a total outlay of Rs 6003.65 Crore for a period of eight years (2023-24 to 2030-31), aiming to seed, nurture and scale up scientific and industrial R&D and create a vibrant & innovative ecosystem in Quantum Technology (QT). This will accelerate QT led economic growth, nurture the ecosystem in the country and make India one of the leading nations in the development of Quantum Technologies & Applications (QTA). The Mission objectives include developing intermediate-scale quantum computers with 50-1000 physical qubits in 8 years in various platforms like superconducting and photonic technology. Satellite-based secure quantum communications between ground stations over a range of 2000 km within India, long-distance secure quantum communications with other countries, inter-city quantum key distribution over 2000 km as well as multi-node Quantum networks with quantum memories are also some of the deliverables of the Mission. The National Quantum Mission will focus on developing magnetometers with high sensitivity in atomic systems and Atomic Clocks for precision timing, communications, and navigation. It will also support the design and synthesis of quantum materials such as superconductors, novel semiconductor structures, and topological materials for the fabrication of quantum devices. Single photon sources/detectors, and entangled photon sources will also be developed for quantum communications, sensing, and metrological applications. Mission Implementation includes setting up of four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) in top academic and National R&D institutes in the domains. The hubs which will focus on generation of new knowledge through basic and applied research as well as promote R&D in areas that are mandated to them. NQM has the potential to elevate the country’s Technology Development ecosystem to a level of global competitiveness. The Mission would greatly benefit various sectors including communication, health, financial, energy with applications in drug design, space, banking, security etc. The Mission will also provide a huge boost to National priorities like Digital India, Make in India, Skill India and Stand-up India, Start-up India, Self-reliant India and Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).
