Hool Diwas is celebrated June 30 every year in India that commemorates the Santhal Hool (rebellion) of 1855. The rebellion was a significant uprising by the Santhal community against British colonial rule and exploitative practices.

Hool Diwas is celebrated to honour the bravery and sacrifice of the Santhal people and to remember their struggle for justice and freedom. It has particularly significance in the states of Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal and Odisha, where the Santhal community is concentrated. Celebrations usually include cultural programmes, speeches and events highlighting the history and heritage of the Santhal Hool.

The Santhal Hool was led by four brothers – Sidhu, Kanhu, Chand and Bhairav – who organized thousands of Santhals to revolt against oppressive British policies and practices, including unfair taxation and exploitation by moneylenders and landlords.
June 30 2024 on “Hool Diwas” The Prime Minister paid tribute to tribal heroes.

Background of Santhal Rebellion: –

The predominantly agrarian Santhal community suffered severe exploitation under the British colonial system. The introduction of the Permanent Settlement Act in 1793, which aimed to streamline revenue collection, led to the rise of the zamindari system. Under this system, zamindars (landlords) collected taxes from farmers and remitted them to British authorities. The Santhals suffered heavy taxation, usury, and exploitation by zamindars and traders.

The rebellion is an important chapter in the broader history of India’s struggle against colonialism. It underlines the role of indigenous communities in resisting exploitation and asserting their rights long before mainstream nationalist movements gained momentum.

The Santhal Rebellion left a legacy. It highlighted the injustices faced by indigenous communities under colonial rule and inspired subsequent movements for tribal rights and autonomy. The courage and resilience of Santhal leaders, especially Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu, is commemorated every year on Hool Diwas, especially in the states of Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal, and Odisha.

The Santhal Rebellion of 1855 is evidence of the enduring spirit of resistance among India’s tribal communities. It serves as a reminder of the struggles faced by indigenous people and their contribution to the broader fight for justice and freedom in India. The legacy of the Santhal Hool inspires efforts to address issues of exploitation and marginalisation faced by tribal communities even today.